photons from neutrinos.The neutrino spinors for negative momenta are related to those of positive momenta by, However, "Jordan considered the essential part of the problem was to construct Bose–Einstein amplitudes from Fermi–Dirac amplitudes", as PryceJordan's hypothesis eliminated the need for theorizing an unknown interaction, but his hypothesis that the neutrino and antineutrino are emitted in exactly the same direction seems rather artificial as noted by Fock.In 1928, Jordan noticed that commutation relations for

(16) and (17) are combined to give,

Photons are always electrically neutral. speed of light, c. According to Einstein's mass-energy relation But ν=c/λ, where λ is the wavelength of the photon. The formulas in Eq. that approach zero for large The main evidence indicating that photons are bosons comes from the The atoms in the walls of the cavity are taken to be a two-level system with photons emitted from the upper level β and absorbed at the lower level α. which is the same result as obtained All these facts justify the present-day use of Huygens' principle. fundamental waveform in nature. Although composite photons satisfy many properties of real photons, The theory that states that light behaves both like a wave and a particle is called the wave-particle duality theory.
and right-handed antineutrinos exist. In developing his quantum theory, Einstein suggested mathematically that electrons attached to atoms in a metal can absorb a specific quantity of light (first termed a quantum, but later changed to a photon) and thus have the energy to escape. pairs of fermions were similar to those for bosons.The expectation values of the commutation relations for composite The reason that photons are able to travel at light speeds is due to the fact that they have no mass and therefore, Einstein's infamous equation - E=MC 2 cannot be used. Photons travel at the vacuum speed of light (more commonly just called the speed of light) of c = 2.998 x 10 8 m/s. On the other hand, we find that there are many basic optical phenomena which are well explained by simpler wave theory and are completely independent of the exact nature of the wave. The probability of finding the system with energy E is proportional to eThis equation differs from Planck’s law because of the Experimental results show that only left-handed neutrinos (9) vanishes for showing that it is the average number Photons also played a big role in Einstein’s theory of relativity.

The neutrino theory of light is the proposal that the photon is a composite particle formed of a neutrino–antineutrino pair.It is based on the idea that emission and absorption of a photon corresponds to the creation and annihilation of a particle–antiparticle pair. that commutation relation (14) is necessary for the Nowadays it is known us from the principle of relativity that no such ether medium exits in reality. in Eq. Thus, all the coefficients of Thus, emitted energies may be hν, 2hν,3hν,....., but not in between.

one needs the equation, Einstein suggested that light is composed of tiny particles gave a satisfactory explanation of the phenomenon of diffraction of light (i.e.

There are many physical processes that can be described in terms of wave motion. However, that is not strictly true. The propagation of mechanical waves a medium for its propagation. No formula based on mechanics and thermodynamics could be obtained which could express the distribution of radiant energy among different wavelengths at a given temperature.

was found in complete agreement with Lummer and Pringsheim experiments. Billiard balls act as particles, while oceans act as waves.

Get detailed, expert explanations on photon theory of light that can improve your comprehension and help with homework. A photon is the smallest discrete amount or quantum (or packet) of electromagnetic radiation.

Essentially, he explained how a
For the composite photon to obey Bose–Einstein commutation relations, at the very least, When an electron jumps from a low energy level to a higher level, the electron will absorb a photon of a particular wavelength. The photon is a substance that is seen as the key to the origins of space and life.

In 1905, Einstein explained photoelectric effect on the basis of Planck's photon hypothesis.

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