How do you catch it? Shigella sonnei, which has historically been more commonly isolated in developed countries, is undergoing an unprecedented expansion across industrializing regions in Asia, Latin America, and the Middle East. It has been found that S. sonnie bacteria can use contact-dependent conjugative plasmid transfer in obtaining antibiotic resistance factor from other bacteria (11). Shigellosis usually resolves in 5 to 7 days.

Shigella sonnei. 2006.

capable of causing human disease) No = 0, Yes = 1: 13. Zahrl, D., Wagner, M., Bishof, K., Bayer, M., Zavecz, B., Beranek, A., Ruckenstuhl, C., Zarfel, GE., Koraimann, G. “Paptidoglycan degradation by specialized lytic transglycosylases associated with type III and type secretion systems.” Microbiology. Shigella sonnei has been implicated in more foodborne outbreaks in developed countries than any other species. It is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, nonmotile, non-spore-forming bacterium. Shigella is one of the most easily transmitted bacterial diarrheas, since it can occur after fewer than 100 bacteria are ingested. “Survival of Shigella sonnei on smooth tomato surfaces, in potato salad and in raw ground beef.” International Journal of Food Microbiology Volume 116 (2007) pp 400-404. Journal of Microbiology (2005 Apr). “Usefulness of Inter-IS1 Spacer Polymorphisms for Subtyping of Shigella sonnei Isolates.” Jounral of Clinical Microbiology. Sureshbabu, J., Venugopalan P. “Shigella Infection – Infectious Disease” eMedicine – webMD (2006) Clinical Infectious Diseases, 2004. 7.2 Optimal pH ... Found in human microbiome: Microbes that live anywhere in the human body and are not pathogenic to humans (i.e.

pp2587-2595. It has been found through genome sequence analysis that S. sonnei contains site of several different mobile genetic elements including plasmids, transposons, and integron involving gene cassettes that are all important factors in S. sonnei incorporation of antibiotic resistance abilities and increase its virulence (11). S. dysenteriae has caused endemic dysentery in Africa, Southeast Asia, and the Indian subcontinent. demonstrated that inflammatory responses in the gut during infection may facilitate conjugative transfer and reassortment of plasmid-encoding genes between pathogens and commensal organisms [We predict that the combination of improving water supplies and rapid acquisition and maintenance of mobile elements conferring advantageous resistance genes is accelerating a Furthermore, research on the genetic structure of global For more information about PLOS Subject Areas, click More outbreaks of Sh. S. flexneri is found to be the cause of most of the breakouts.S. 43(2): 133-143. Shigella sonnei was found in samples from five of the patients.The product was labeled “Sugersnaps” or “Sukkererter” and come in 150-gram packages. There are four species of Shigella: Shigella sonnei (the most common species in the U.S.) Shigella flexneri; Shigella boydii; Shigella dysenteriae; The transmission of most Shigella infections is caused by the bacterium passing from stools or soiled fingers of one person to the mouth of another person. Keusch GT, Jacewicz, M., Acheson DW, Donohue-Rolfe, A., Kane AV, McCluer RH. “Molecular characteristic of antimicrobial resistance of Shigella sonnei isolates in Korea”. The median duration of diarrhea is 3–8 days, although longer durations have been described in children and persons with bloody diarrhea.These Gram negative, nonmotile and non-spore-forming rod-like bacteria can grow with or without oxygen. Nucleic Acids Res 33:D317-D320 In Norway, the disease usually occurs after infection abroad, especially Egypt and Asia. Volume 115 (2007) pp 181-186. [11, 19] More specifically, according to one recent study, “From 1989 to 2002, S. flexneri accounted for 18.4% of Shigella isolates Niyogi, SK. 14. Shigella sonnei unlike the species of most enteric pathogens, has no known natural reservoir other than human, therefore, this enterobacteria is highly expected to undergo gene transfer and selective pressures in the human intestinal tract (11). Volume 41, No.5 pp1919-1924.

One sample from an unopened package of sugar peas imported from Kenya in one household was positive for Shigella sonnei.In May and June 2009 in Sweden an outbreak involved 47 suspected cases of whom 35 were laboratory confirmed. Volume 38. pp. Gillespie MB, BCh, BAO, MRCP(UK), MRCPath, in Hydroxytyrosol as a Component of the Mediterranean Diet and Its Role in Disease PreventionMª del Carmen Ramírez-Tortose PharmD, PhD, ... José L. Quiles PhD, in ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. Patients with EIEC typically present with diarrhea, tenesmus, fever, and abdominal cramps. Shigella sonneiis in the serogroup D category consisting of 1 serotype.

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