Interest groups purse their goals in many arenas.a communication by someone other than a citizen acting on his or her own behalf, directed to a governmental decision maker with the hope of influencing his ora member of an interest group organized to influence government decisions, especially legislation.suggests that the larger the group, the more difficult it will be to secure enough of the collective good to encourage participation.argues that interest group activities provide additional representation and compete against each other to influence political outcomes.a committee set up by and representing a corporation, labor union, or other special interest group that raises and spends campaign contributions on behalf of one or more candidates or causes.a group composed of all people who share some common interest.an organization that seeks a collective good that will not selectively and materially benefit the members of the group.organizations that seek a collective good which does not only benefit their membership.a state law that forbids the requirement of union membership as a condition of employment.these benefits are goods that a group can restrict to those who are membersgroups which have very narrow interests, shun compromise, and single-mindedly pursue goals.exclusive relationships composed of interest groups leaders, government agency personnel, and members of congressional committees whoa rule established to prevent free-riders by requiring new employees to join the union where one has been granted bargaining rights.

Its basic elements were the urban working class, ethnic groups, Catholic and Jews, the poor. The displacement of the majority party, by the minority party, usually during a critical election period. In political science and political history, a realigning election (often called a critical election, political realignment, or critical realignment) is a set of sharp changes in party ideology, issues, party leaders, regional and demographic bases of power of political parties, and the structure or rules of the political system, such as voter eligibility or financing. In American presidential elections, the system in which the winner of the popular votes in a state receives all the electoral votes of that state.the way candidates use scarce resources to achieve the nomination or win office.a private meeting of political party members in order to seek agreement on a common course of action, to select delegates for a state or national nominating convention, or to show preference for a presidential candidate.the use of targeted mailings to prospective supporters, usually compiled from lists of those who have contributed to candidates and parties in the past.the principal enforcement agency for the Federal Election Campaign act of 1971. when one party controls the White House and another controls one or both houses of the legislative branchgroup with common ideology that nominates candidates for officeelection that produces a sharp change in the existing pattern of party loyalties among groups of voters; electoral realignment persists through several electionslessening of importance of party loyalties in voting decisionsformed by factions split off from one of the major partiesworking class not getting share of society's wealth ex. This generally is a contest between major party members previously selected by the voters in a primary election.money provided to qualifying presidential candidates from the Presidential Election Campaign Fund, the amount of which is determined by the amounta committee in the Democratic party charged with recommending changes in party rules to promote more representation of women anda meeting of the delegates from each state to determine the party's nominee for president.a proposal by critics of the caucuses and presidential primaries systems who would replace these electoral methods with a nationwide primary held early in the election year.a party's official endorsement of a candidate for office.a primary election in which voters choose, on election-day, the party primary in which they will vote.

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"friend of the court" briefs filed by interest groups to inform the court of their position and to state how their welfare would be affected by a ruling.a technique used by interest groups which allows groups of people with similar complaints to combine their grievances into a single suit.something of value which cannot be withheld from individuals in the potential group.influencing government decision makers through direct contact, argument, or campaign contributions by a lobbyist.argues that because only a few groups have enough power to influence policy, power is concentrated into a few interlocking power centers.a person who doesn't join or work for a group, but benefits from the group's activities or lobbying efforts.influencing government decision makers though indirect pressure (usually in the form of letters, emails, phone calls) from large numbers of constituents. Once in office, parties would carry out their campaign promises.electoral contenders other than the two major parties. AP Gov Chapter 8 Terms. Critical election periods are sometimes marked by a national crisis and may require more than one election to bring about a new party era factions interest groups arising from the unequal distribution of property or wealth that James Madison attacked in Federalist Paper No. Voters can then select some Democrats and some Republicans if they likea group of individuals with a common interest upon which every political party dependswhen two or more parties join together to form a majority in a national legislature.

The national committee is composed of representatives from the states and territories.the meeting of party delegates every four years to choose a presidential ticket and write the party's platform.a coalition forged by the Democrats, who dominated American politics from the 1930s to 1960s. Details. American third parties are not unusual, but they rarely win elections.voting with one party for one office and with another party for other offices. ]a requirement that citizens register to vote before the election is helda group composed of those in the potential group who are members of the interest group.

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