These infants should receive evaluation and appropriate care and treatment.Sensitive and specific methods used to diagnose chlamydial ophthalmia in the neonate include both tissue culture and nonculture tests (e.g., direct fluorescence antibody [DFA] tests and NAAT). The CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Protection) recommends the antibiotic azithromycin (Zithromax) 1 gram orally as a single dose for the treatment of the sexually transmitted disease chlamydia. Infants treated with either of these antimicrobials should be followed for signs and symptoms of IHPS.Although data on the use of azithromycin for the treatment of neonatal chlamydia infection are limited, available data suggest a short course of therapy might be effective (Because the efficacy of erythromycin treatment for ophthalmia neonatorum is approximately 80%, a second course of therapy might be required (Mothers of infants who have ophthalmia caused by chlamydia and the sex partners of these women should be evaluated and presumptively treated for chlamydia. OR. A chlamydial etiology should be considered for all infants aged ≤30 days that have conjunctivitis, especially if the mother has a history of chlamydia infection. Because clinical presentations differ, all infants aged 1–3 months suspected of having pneumonia (especially those whose mothers have a history of chlamydial infection) should be tested for Specimens for chlamydial testing should be collected from the nasopharynx.

OR.

Seventy-three adolescents (65 female) with a cervical or urethral culture positive for Chlamydia trachomatis we …. In addition, peripheral eosinophilia (≥400 cells/mm3) occurs frequently. Characteristic signs of chlamydial pneumonia in infants include 1) a repetitive staccato cough with tachypnea and 2) hyperinflation and bilateral diffuse infiltrates on a chest radiograph.

Nonculture tests (e.g., DFA and NAAT) can be used. Erythromycin ethylsuccinate 800 mg orally four times a day for 7 days.

Human data suggest ofloxacin and levofloxacin present a low risk to the fetus during pregnancy, with a potential for toxicity during breastfeeding; however, data from animal studies raise concerns about cartilage damage to neonates (Because of concerns about chlamydia persistence following exposure to penicillin-class antibiotics that has been demonstrated in animal and in vitro studies, amoxicillin is now considered an alternative therapy for Persons who have chlamydia and HIV infection should receive the same treatment regimen as those who do not have HIV infection.

However, perinatally transmitted NAAT can be used for vaginal and urine specimens from girls (see Sexual Assault or Abuse of Children), although data are insufficient to recommend the use of NAAT in boys. We compared a single 1 gm dose of azithromycin with the standard 7-day course of doxycycline for the treatment of uncomplicated chlamydial genital infection in sexually active adolescents. Persons who receive a diagnosis of chlamydia should be tested for HIV, GC, and syphilis.Test-of-cure to detect therapeutic failure (i.e., repeat testing 3–4 weeks after completing therapy) is not advised for persons treated with the recommended or alterative regimens, unless therapeutic adherence is in question, symptoms persist, or reinfection is suspected. Therefore, this culture with should be obtained at a follow-up visit approximately 2 weeks after treatment is completed.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Moreover, the use of chlamydial NAATs at <3 weeks after completion of therapy is not recommended because the continued presence of nonviable organisms (Sex partners should be referred for evaluation, testing, and presumptive treatment if they had sexual contact with the partner during the 60 days preceding the patient’s onset of symptoms or chlamydia diagnosis. Do this even if your partner has been treated and appears to be infection free.WebMD does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment.National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases: "Chlamydia." Chlamydial infection is the most frequently reported infectious disease in the United States, and prevalence is highest in persons aged ≤24 years (Asymptomatic infection is common among both men and women. If you are diagnosed with chlamydia, your doctor will prescribe oral antibiotics. Antibiotic treatment almost always works if …

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