Environmental conditions are a major direct and indirect determinant of human health.

In 2010, Saudi Arabia began a major investment and transformation programme in the health-care sector. These ancient companions of poverty weaken impoverished populations, frustrate the achievement of health in the Millennium Development Goals and beyond, and impede global public health outcomes. Ethiopia is generally considered as a low- to- moderate malaria transmission intensity country. As the infection progresses, the immune system becomes weaker, and the person becomes more susceptible to infections.

WHO is working closely with the Federal Ministry of Health and partners to improve children’s health in Ethiopia. The 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey (2016 EDHS) was implemented by the Central Statistical Agency (CSA) from January 18, 2016, to June 27, 2016. Therefore, Ethiopia uses a “one health” approach to its GHSA activities by bringing together human and animal health partners, recognizing that the health of people is connected to the health of animals and the environment. The country office also supports the documentation and sharing of best practices, surveillance, as well as the adaption of global guidelines to the Ethiopian context. Malnutrition is a major contributor to child mortality in Ethiopia as underlying cause for nearly 50% of under-five deaths.Ethiopia had been implementing child survival programmes since the early 1970s as vertical programmes up until 1997 when the integrated management of childhood illnesses (IMCI) was adopted as a service delivery approach.

Malnutrition, particularly protein-energy and micronutrient deficiency, is a concerning public health issue in Ethiopia. 34 percent of children are born underweight and 50 percent are stunted due to nutritional deficiencies by the age of five. The most advanced stage of HIV infection is acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Coverage of health services for most of MNCH areas, including immunization, integrated management of new-born and childhood illnesses (IMNCI), antenatal care and family planning, has consistently increased over the years. WHO Country Office supports the Federal Ministry of Health (FMoH) of Ethiopia to mainstream gender into its health programmes and operations. According to WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme 2014 report, the country has improved water supply by 57% (97% in urban areas and 42% in rural areas), thus achieving the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) 7 target 7C. Unintended pregnancies are common among girls and women in Ethiopia, many lack access to health care services contributing to the country’s high maternal mortality and morbidity rates. Working closely with national and regional authorities, WHO and UNICEF established an Operations Base in Wardher, Doollo Zone, Somali region – the epicenter of the latest Ethiopian polio outbreak – to bring together the needed technical expertise to provide ongoing support for polio interventions in the zone and kick polio permanently out of Ethiopia.No new cases of wild polio virus have been reported from the Somali region of Ethiopia since 5 January 2014, but the risk of polio cases in Horn of Africa prevails.

With this tool, users can explore progress made toward achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Updated statistics on the incidence and mortality of oesophageal cancer, and on the disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) caused by the disease, can assist policy makers in allocating...In Mexico, from 1990 to 2017, mortality due to unintentional injuries has decreased, while non-fatal incident cases have increased. According to the 2014 Ethiopia mini Demographic and Health Survey, the national prevalence of stunting and wasting declined from 58% to 40% and from 12% to 9% respectively, compared to data from the year 2000. The schedule was revised in 1986 to include only infants under one year in line with the global target. The Organization aims to reduce the risk factors that contribute to the burden of excess mortality and disability that arise from environmental causes, and by promoting environmental considerations within the health sector and interventions for health protection in other socioeconomic sectors.WHO is currently providing technical assistance to the ‘Building adaptation to climate change in health including least developed countries including Ethiopia. According to the recent national TB drug resistance surveillance report, 2.3% of new TB cases and 17.8% of previously treated TB cases were estimated to have MDR.The Millennium Development Goal 6 target on reducing the TB incidence rate has already been achieved in Ethiopia.

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